Aspect ratio is simply the ratio of the width to the height of the image.

Depth of Field (DoF) in photography refers to the range of distance within a photo that appears acceptably sharp and in focus

Calculate the equivalent focal length for different crop factor (that depends on sensor size).

Exposure is determined by the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

Field of view (FOV) is the maximum area of a scene that can be captured by the camera sensor. Field of View is determined by the sensor size and the focal length of the lens.

Golden and Magic Hours are the best time of day to photograph. The golden hour typically lasts about one hour after sunrise and one hour before sunset, and the magic hour is roughly one hour before sunrise and one hour after sunset.

The hyperfocal distance is the closest distance at which a lens can be focused while keeping objects at infinity acceptably sharp.

Calculate the maximum print size based on image resolution and desired DPI.

Calculate the number of megapixels of an image based on its dimensions.

Calculate the storage required for a given number of images based on their resolution and bit depth.

Calculate the required shutter speed based on focal length to avoid camera shake.